Everything about Electric Guitar totally explained
An
electric guitar is a type of
guitar that uses
pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into electrical current, which is then amplified. The signal that comes from the guitar is sometimes electronically altered to achieve various tonal effects prior to being fed into an
amplifier, which produces the final sound.
The electric guitar was first used in
jazz and has also long been used in many other popular styles of music, including almost all genres of
rock and roll,
country music,
blues, ambient (or "new-age"), and even
contemporary classical music.
History
The need for an amplified guitar became apparent during the
big band era, as jazz orchestras of the 1930s and 1940s increased in size, with larger brass sections. Initially,
electric guitars used in jazz consisted primarily of hollow
archtop acoustic guitar bodies to which electromagnetic transducers had been attached.
Early years
Electric guitars were originally designed by an assortment of luthiers - guitar makers, electronics enthusiasts, and instrument manufacturers, in varying combinations.
Guitar innovator
Les Paul experimented with microphones attached to guitars. Some of the earliest electric guitars, then essentially adapted
hollow bodied acoustic instruments, used
tungsten pickups and were manufactured beginning in 1931 by Electro String Instrument Corporation in Los Santos under the direction of Adolph Rickenbacker and George Beauchamp. Their first design of a hollow body guitar instrument that used tungsten pickups was built by Harry Watson, a craftsman who worked for the Electro String Company. This new guitar which the company called "Rickenbackers" would be the first of its kind.
The earliest documented use of the electric guitar in performance was during October 1932 in Wichita, Kansas by guitarist and bandleader Gage Brewer who had obtained two instruments directly from
George Beauchamp of Los Angeles, California. Brewer publicized them in an article appearing in the Wichita Beacon,
October 2,
1932 and through a Halloween performance later that month.
The first recording of an electric guitar was by jazz guitarist
George Barnes who recorded two songs in Chicago on March 1st, 1938:
Sweetheart Land and
It's a Low-Down Dirty Shame. Many historians incorrectly attribute the first recording to Eddie Durham, but his recording with the
Kansas City Five wasn't until 15 days later. Durham introduced the instrument to a young
Charlie Christian, who made the instrument famous in his brief life and is generally known as the first electric guitarist and a major influence on jazz guitarists for decades thereafter. As a bit of trivia, the first recording of an electric guitar west of the Mississippi occured in Dallas, September 28, 1935, during a session with Roy Newman and His Boys, an early
Western swing dance band. Their guitarist, Jim Boyd, used his electrically amplified guiter during the recording of three songs,
"Hot Dog Stomp" (DAL 178-Vo 03371),
"Shine On, Harvest Moon" (DAL 180-Vo 03272), and
"Corrine, Corrina" (DAL 181-Vo/OK 03117). An even earlier Chicago recording of an electrically amplified guitar—albeit an amplified lap steel guitar—was during a series of session by
Milton Brown and His Brownies (another early Western swing band) that took place January 27-28, 1935, wherein
Bob Dunn played his amplified Hawiian guitar.
The version of the instrument that's best known today is the
solid body electric guitar, a guitar made of solid wood, without resonating airspaces within it. Rickenbacher, later spelled
Rickenbacker, did, however, offer a cast aluminum electric steel guitar, nicknamed
The Frying Pan or
The Pancake Guitar, beginning in 1931. This guitar is reported to have sounded quite modern and aggressive when tested by vintage guitar researcher John Teagle. The company
Audiovox built and may have offered an electric solid-body as early as the mid-1930s.
Another early solid body electric guitar was designed and built by musician and inventor
Les Paul in the early 1940s, working after hours in the
Epiphone Guitar factory. His
log guitar (so called because it consisted of a simple 4x4 wood post with a neck attached to it and homemade pickups and hardware, with two detachable Swedish hollow body halves attached to the sides for appearance only) was patented and is often considered to be the first of its kind, although it shares nothing in design or hardware with the solid body "Les Paul" model sold by Gibson.
In about 1945, Richard D. Bourgerie, who worked through World War II at Howard Radio Company making electronic equipment for the American military, made an electric guitar pickup and amplifier for professional guitar player George Barnes. Mr. Barnes showed the result to Les Paul, who then arranged for Mr. Bourgerie to have one made for him.
Fender
In the year of 1946, radio repairman and instrument amplifier maker
Clarence Leonidas Fender—better known as Leo Fender—through his eponymous company, designed the first commercially successful solid-body electric guitar with a single magnetic pickup, which was initially named the "
Esquire". This was a departure from the typically hollow-bodied Jazz-oriented instruments of the time and immediately found favor with Country-Western artists in California. The two-pickup version of the Esquire was called the "Broadcaster". However,
Gretsch had a drumset marketed with a similar name (Broadkaster), so Fender changed the name to "
Telecaster" in homage to the new phenomenon of television.
Features of the Telecaster included: an ash body; a maple 25½
" scale, 21-fret or 22-fret neck attached to the body with four-bolts reinforced by a steel neckplate; two single-coil, 6-pole pickups (bridge and neck positions) with tone and volume knobs, pickup selector switch; and an output jack mounted on the side of the body. A black bakelite pickguard concealed body routings for pickups and wiring.
The bolt-on neck was consistent with Leo Fender's belief that the instrument design should be modular to allow cost-effective and consistent manufacture and assembly, as well as simple repair or replacement. Due to the earlier mentioned trademark issue, some of the first production Telecasters were delivered with headstock decals with the Fender logo but no model identification. These are today very much sought after, and commonly referred to by collectors as "Nocasters".
In 1953, Fender introduced the
Fender Stratocaster, or "Strat." The Strat was seen as a deluxe model and offered various product improvements and innovations over the Telecaster. These innovations included an well dried ash or alder double-cutaway body design for badge assembly with an integrated spring
vibrato mechanism (called a
synchronized tremolo by Fender, thus beginning a confusion of the terms that still continues), three single-coil pickups, and body comfort contours. Leo Fender is also credited with developing the first commercially-successful electric
bass guitar called the
Fender Precision Bass, introduced in 1951.
Vox
In 1962
Vox introduced the pentagonal Phantom guitar, originally made in England but soon after made by EKO of Italy. It was followed a year later by the teardrop-shaped Mark VI, the prototype of which was used by
Brian Jones of
The Rolling Stones, and later
Johnny Thunders of the
New York Dolls. Vox guitars also experimented with onboard effects and electronics. In the mid 1960s, as the sound of electric 12 string guitars became popular, Vox introduced the Phantom XII and Mark XII electric 12 string guitars as well as the Tempest XII which employed a more conventional Fender style body and thus is often overlooked as a Vox classic from the Sixties. The few that were manufactured also came from Italy. Vox also produced other traditional styles of 6 and 12 string electric guitars in both England and Italy.
Construction
Pickups
Compared with an acoustic guitar, which has a hollow body, electric guitars make comparatively little audible sound simply by having their strings plucked. Rather, the movement of the string generates (for example, "induces") a very small electrical current in the magnetic pickups, which are
magnets wrapped with coils of very fine wire.
That current is then sent via a wire to an amplifier. The current induced is proportional to such factors as the density of the string or the amount of movement over these pickups. That vibration is, in turn, affected by several factors, such as the composition and shape of the body.
Some hybrid electric-acoustic guitars are equipped with additional
microphones or
piezoelectric pickups (
transducers) that sense mechanical vibration from the body. Because in some cases it's desirable to isolate the pickups from the vibrations of the strings, a guitar's magnetic pickups will sometimes be embedded or "potted" in epoxy or wax to prevent the pickup from having a microphonic effect.
Because of their natural inductive qualities, all magnetic pickups tend to pick up ambient and usually unwanted electromagnetic noises. The resulting noise, the so-called "
hum", is particularly strong with single-coil pickups, and aggravated by the fact that very few guitars are correctly shielded against electromagnetic interference. The most frequent cause is the strong 50 or 60
Hz component that's inherent in the
frequency generation of current within the local
power transmission system. As nearly all amplifiers and audio equipment associated with electrical guitars relies on this power, there's in theory little chance of completely eliminating the introduction of unwanted hum.
Double-coil or "
humbucker" pickups were invented as a way to reduce or counter the unwanted ambient hum sounds. Humbuckers have two coils of opposite magnetic and electric polarity. This means that electromagnetic noise hitting both coils should cancel itself out. The two coils are wired in phase, so the signal picked up by each coil is added together. This creates the richer, "fatter" tone associated with humbucking pickups.
The optical pickup senses string and body vibrations using LED light.
Tremolo arms
Some electric guitars have a tremolo arm (sometimes called a
whammy bar or a
vibrato bar and occasionally abbreviated as
trem), a lever attached to the bridge which can slacken or tighten the strings temporarily, changing the pitch, thereby creating a
vibrato effect.
Early tremolo systems, such as the
Bigsby vibrato tailpiece, tended to be unreliable and cause the guitar to go out of tune quite easily, and also had a limited range. Later
Fender designs were better, but Fender held the patent on these, so other companies used Bigsby-style tremolo for many years. With the expiration of the Fender patent on the
Stratocaster-style
tremolo, various improvements on this type of internal, multi-spring tremolo system are now available.
Floyd Rose introduced one of the first improvements on the vibrato system in many years when in the late 1970s he began to experiment with "locking" nuts and bridges which work to prevent the guitar from tuning even under the most heavy whammy bar acrobatics.
Shred guitar performers such as
Eddie Van Halen use the tremolo to create dramatic effects, as can be heard in the
Van Halen guitar solo "
Eruption."
Guitar necks
Electric guitars can have necks that vary according to composition as well as shape. The primary metric used to describe a guitar neck is the
scale, which is the overall length of the strings from the nut to the bridge. A typical Fender guitar uses a 25.5 inch scale, while Gibson uses a 24.75 inch scale in their
Les Paul. The frets are placed proportionally according to the scale length, so the smaller the scale, the tighter the spacing of the frets.
Necks are described as
bolt-on,
set, or
neck-through depending on how they're attached to the body.
Set necks are glued to the body in the factory, and are said to have greater sustain.
Bolt-on necks were pioneered by
Leo Fender to facilitate easy adjustment and replacement of the guitar neck. Neck through instruments extend the neck itself to form the center of the guitar body and are also known for long sustain. While a set neck can be carefully unglued by a skilled
Luthier, and a bolt-on neck can simply be unscrewed, a neck-through design is difficult or even impossible to repair, depending on the damage. Historically, the bolt-on style has been more popular for ease of installation and adjustment. Some instruments, such as semi-hollow Jazz/Rockabilly instruments and the Gibson
Les Paul series have continued to use set/glued necks. Since bolt-on necks can be easily removed, there's an after-market in replacement bolt-on necks from companies such as Warmoth and Mighty Mite.
The materials used in the manufacture of the neck have great influence over the tone of the instrument. Hardwoods are very much preferred, with
maple,
ash, and
mahogany topping the list. The neck and fingerboard can be made from different materials, such as a maple neck with a
rosewood fingerboard. In the 1980s, exotic man-made materials such as graphite began to be used, but are pricey and never really replaced wood in production instruments. Such necks can be retrofitted to existing bolt-on instruments.
There are several different neck shapes used on guitars, including what are known as C necks, and V necks. These refer to the cross-sectional shape of the neck (especially near the nut). There are also several sizes of fret wire available, with traditional players often preferring thin frets, and metal shredders liking thick frets. Thin frets are considered better for playing chords, while thick frets allow lead guitarists to bend notes with less effort.
An electric guitar with a neck which folds back called the Foldaxe was designed and built for Chet Atkins by Roger Field (featured in Atkins' book "Me and My Guitars.").
Steinberger guitars developed a line of exotic instruments lacking headstocks, with tuning done on the bridge instead.
Sound and effects
An
acoustic guitar's sound is largely dependent on the vibration of the guitar's body and the air within it; the sound of an electric guitar is largely dependent on a magnetically induced
electrical signal, generated by the vibration of metal strings near sensitive pickups. The signal is then "
shaped" on its path to the
amplifier by using a range of effect devices or circuits that modify the tone and characteristics of the signal.
In the 1960s, some guitarists began
distorting the sound of the instrument by increasing the
gain, or
volume, of the
preamplifier. This produces a "fuzzy" sound, and when viewed with an oscilloscope the wave forms appear to have had their peaks "clipped" off. This wasn't actually a new development in the instrument, but rather a shift of aesthetics. This sound wasn't generally recognized previously as desirable. In the 1960s, the
tonal palette of the electric guitar was further modified by introducing an
effects box in its signal path. Traditionally built in a small metal chassis with an on/off foot switch, such "
stomp boxes" have become as much a part of the instrument for many electric guitarists as the electric guitar itself.
Typical effects include
stereo chorus,
fuzz,
wah-wah and
flanging,
compression/sustain,
delay,
reverb, and
phase shift.
In 1967, with the release of
Little Games,
Jimmy Page of
The Yardbirds introduced a way of playing the guitar with a violin bow, in the song "
Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Sailor". He would produce the sound by running the bow downwards on the strings, while fingering chords. In addition, he'd also smack the strings with the bow, making an unusual, brief noise.
In the 1970s, as effects pedals proliferated, their sounds were combined with power-tube distortion at lower, more controlled volumes by using
power attenuators such as Tom Scholz' Power Soak as well as re-amplified dummy loads such as Eddie Van Halen's use of a
variac, power resistor, post-power-tube effects, and a final solid-state amp driving the guitar speakers. A
variac is one approach to power-supply based power attenuation, to make the sound of power-tube distortion more practically available.
By the 1980s and 1990s, digital and software effects became capable of replicating the analog effects used in the past. These new digital effects attempted to model the sound produced by analog effects and tube amps, to varying degrees of quality. There are many free guitar effects computer programs for PCs that can be downloaded from the Internet. By the 2000s, PCs with specially-designed sound cards could be used as digital guitar effects processors. Although digital and software effects offer many advantages, many guitarists still use analog effects.
Some innovations have been made recently in the design of the electric guitar. In 2002, Gibson announced the first digital guitar, which performs analog-to-digital conversion internally. The resulting digital signal is delivered over a standard
Ethernet cable, eliminating cable-induced line noise. The guitar also provides independent signal processing for each individual string.
Also, in 2003
amp maker
Line 6 released the
Variax guitar. It differs in some fundamental ways from conventional solid-body electrics. For example it uses
piezoelectric pickups instead of the conventional electromagnetic ones, and has an onboard computer capable of modifying the sound of the guitar to model the sound of many instruments.
Types
Solid body
Solid body electric guitars are guitars that have no holes for sound or an internal cavity to accommodate vibration, such as those used to amplify string vibrations in
acoustic guitars. They are generally made of hardwood with a lacquer coating and have six steel strings. The wood is dried for 3 to 6 months in heated storage before precision cutting the wood to shape. The
sound that's audible in
music featuring electric guitars is produced by pickups on the guitar which convert the string vibrations into an electrical signal. The signal is then fed to an
amplifier (or amp) and
speaker.
One of the first solid body guitars was invented by
Les Paul.
Gibson didn't make their famous '
Les Paul' guitar when they were presented it as they didn't believe it would catch on. The first mass produced solid body guitar was
Fender's Broadcaster (later to become the '
Telecaster') first made in 1948, five years after Les Paul made his
prototype. The Gibson Les Paul appeared soon after to compete with the Broadcaster.
Hollow body
These guitars have a hollow body and electronic pickups mounted on its body. They work in a similar way to solid body electric guitars except that because the hollow body also vibrates, the pickups convert a combination of string and body vibration into an electrical signal.
Semi-hollow body
Semi-hollow body guitars strike a balance between the characteristics of solid-body and hollow-body guitars, with allegedly greater resonance and sustain than true solid-body guitars, as well as lighter overall weight. Typically, a semi-hollow body guitar will have a form factor more similar to a solid-body electric guitar, and may include two sound holes, one, or none.
Metal Body
There are have been a number of metal bodied guitars that have worked with the unique acoustic/sustaining qualities of metal. These are not hollow bodied guitars, like a blues steel bodied, although most are chambered for weight, these metal bodied guitars are built to act and play as solid wood body.
Several metal body were made in the 50's by violin and cello makers, John Veleno took up the torch and in the early 70's He made a polished aluminum guitar, with a distincitve headstock to match. They appeared to be owned by almost every touring act and great list of owners, Clapton, Bolan, Rundgren, Winter, Frenley, Allman Reed and on and on.
Currently now, Liquid Metal Guitars makes a metal body guitar. The process is different now, the body is cnc'd out of a solid block of alumimum and then chrome or gold plated. Liquid Metal Guitars use boutique pick-up manufacturers, such as TV Jones and Lindly Fralin to manufacture pickup sets match the unique sustaining qualities of metal bodies.
Many guitars otherwise sold as solid-bodied instruments, such as the
Gibson Les Paul or the
PRS Singlecut, are built with "weight relief" holes bored into the body which nonetheless affect the sound of the instrument. The Les Paul Supreme edition is currently described by the manufacturer as a "chambered" instrument, with a weight relief system designed to positively affect the sound.
Acoustic-Electric
Some
steel-string acoustic guitars are fitted with
pickups purely as an alternative to using a separate microphone. They may also be fitted with a
piezo-electric pickup under the bridge, attached to the bridge mounting plate, or with a low mass
microphone (usually a condenser mic) inside the body of the guitar that will convert the vibrations in the body into electronic signals, or even combinations of these types of pickups, with an integral mixer/preamp/graphic equalizer. These are called
electric acoustic guitars, and are regarded as acoustic guitars rather than electric guitars because the pickups don't produce a signal directly from the vibration of the strings, but rather from the vibration of the guitar top or body. These shouldn't be confused with
hollow body electric guitars, which have pickups of the type found on solid body electric guitars. Acoustic-Electric guitars are also known to guitar players as "Semi-Acoustic" guitars.
Strings
One-string guitars
Although rare, the one-string guitar is sometimes heard, particularly in
Delta blues, where improvised folk instruments were popular in the 1930s and 1940s.
Eddie "One String" Jones had some regional success with a Mississippi blues musician
Lonnie Pitchford played a similar, homemade instrument. In a more contemporary style,
Little Willie Joe, the inventor of the
Unitar had a considerable
rhythm and blues instrumental hit in the 1950s with "Twitchy", recorded with the Hall Orchestra.
Four-string
The best known four-string guitar player is
Tiny Grimes, who played on
52nd Street with the
beboppers and played a major role in the Prestige Blues Swingers. Grimes' guitar omitted the bottom two strings.
Deron Miller of
CKY only uses four strings, but plays a six string guitar with the two highest strings removed.
Many banjo players use this tuning: DGBE, mostly in Dixieland. Guitar players find this an easier transition than learning plectrum or tenor tuning.
Seven-string
Most Seven-string guitars add a low B string below the low E. Both electric and
classical guitars exist designed for this tuning. Another less common seven-string arrangement is a second G string situated beside the standard G string and tuned an octave higher, in the same manner as a twelve-stringed guitar (see below).
Seven string electric guitars were popularized by
Steve Vai.
Steve Vai and Japanese guitar company
Ibanez created the well known
Universe series seven string guitars in the 1980s, with a double locking tremolo system for a seven string guitar. These models were based on Vai's six string signature series, the
Ibanez Jem. More recently, seven strings experienced a resurgence in popularity, championed by
Korn,
Fear Factory,
Strapping Young Lad,
Nevermore, and other
Hard rock/
Metal bands. Metal Musicians often prefer the Seven-string guitar for its extended lower range and it's often electricly amplified with a high amount of gain or distortion.
Jazz guitarists using a seven-string include veteran jazz guitarists
George Van Eps,
Bucky Pizzarelli and his son
John Pizzarelli. The seven-string guitar has also played an essential role in progressive rock, and is commonly used in bands such as
Dream Theater and by experimental guitarists such as Ben Levin.
Eight-string
Eight-string electric guitars are rare, but not unused. One is played by
Charlie Hunter (manufactured by
Novax Guitars). The largest manufacturer of 8- to 14-strings is Warr Guitars. Their models are used by
Trey Gunn (ex
King Crimson) who has his own
signature line from the company. Also, Mårten Hagström and Fredrik Thordendahl of
Meshuggah used 8 string guitars made by Nevborn Guitars and now guitars by
Ibanez.
Munky of
Nu Metal band
Korn is also known to use eight-string Ibanez guitars and it's rumoured that he's planning to release a K8 eight-string guitar similar to his K7 seven-string guitar. In 2008 Ibanez released the Ibanez RG2228-GK which is the first mass produced eight-string guitar.
Nine-string
Jethro Tull's first album featured a nine string guitar on one track.
Josh Smith of the band
The Fucking Champs plays a 9-string guitar, with two G, B, and high E strings each, tuned in unison.
Matt Pike of the band High On Fire also uses a Custom 9 string guitar made by First Act Guitars.
Twelve-string
Twelve string electric guitars feature six pairs of strings, usually with each pair tuned to the same note. The extra E, A, D, and G strings add a note one octave above, and the extra B and E strings are in unison. The pairs of strings are played together as one, so the technique and tuning are the same as a conventional guitar, although creating a much fuller tone. They are used almost solely to play harmony and rhythm. They are relatively common in
folk rock music.
Lead Belly is the folk artist most identified with the twelve-string, usually acoustic with pickup.
George Harrison of
The Beatles and
Roger McGuinn of
The Byrds brought the electric twelve-string to notability in
rock and roll. During the Beatles' first trip to the U.S., in February 1964, Harrison received a new "
360/12" model guitar from the
Rickenbacker company; this was a 12-string electric made to look onstage like a 6-string. He began using the 360 in the studio on Lennon's "You Can't Do That" and other songs. Roger McGuinn, looking for the sound of a twelve string but on an electric had an epiphany when viewing The Beatles "Hard Days Night" movie, when he realised that George was playing a twelve string electric. He liked the sound so much that it became his signature guitar sound with The Byrds.
Another notable guitarist to utilise 12 strings is
Richie Sambora, the guitarist with rock group
Bon Jovi. He has played a double neck guitar with a 12 string neck for years, most notably live for the hit song
Wanted Dead or Alive.
3rd bridge
The 3rd bridge guitar is an electric
prepared guitar with an additional 3rd bridge.
This can be a normal guitar with for instance a screwdriver placed under the strings, but can also be a
custom made instrument.
Lee Ranaldo of
Sonic Youth plays with a 3rd bridge.
Double neck guitars
Double-neck (or, less commonly, "twin-neck") guitars enable guitarists to play guitar and bass guitar or, more commonly, a six-string and
twelve-string.
Jimmy Page's use of a custom-made Gibson EDS-1275, to enable him to replicate his use of two different guitars when performing Led Zeppelin's song "
Stairway to Heaven" in a concert setting, brought double-necked guitars into the public eye.
Don Felder also used the Gibson EDS-1275 during the
Hotel California tour.
There were also some double necks that had two 6 string necks. These would have two different pickup configurations for two entirely different sounds and tones. The most popular 6 and 6 were made by
Ibanez in the early 1980s. These were copies of the
Gibson SG style 6 and 12, and were also referred to as the "pre-lawsuit" guitars.
Ibanez stopped production when they lost a law suit to
Gibson. In some cases the "lawsuit" guitars played just as well as the
Gibsons, and sometimes better, at a fraction of the cost. The
Gibson 6 and 12 was also popularized by the
Eagles hit "Hotel California". The guitar can be heard noticeably in the intro and solo.
English
progressive rock bands such as
Genesis used custom made instruments produced by the
Shergold company.
Rick Nielsen, guitarist for
Cheap Trick, uses a variety of custom guitars mostly made by
Hamer Guitars, many of which have five necks, with the strap attached to the body by a swivel so that the guitar can be rotated to put any neck into playing position.
Guitarist
Steve Vai occasionally uses a triple-neck guitar; one neck is twelve string, one is six string and the third is a fretless six string. Today, you can buy up to six necks on a guitar, consisting of various combinations and variations of the six string guitar and four string electric bass guitar.
Largest electric guitar
The largest playable electric guitar was completed by 11 students in the
Academy of Science and hoper with their physics teacher Scott Rippetoe in 2000. The Gibson '67 Flying V replica guitar measures 13 meters (43 feet, 7 1/2 inches) long, 4.88 meters (16 feet, 5 1/2 inches) wide, and weighs 1018 kilograms (2,244 pounds).
Uses
The electric guitar can be played either solo or with other instruments. It has been used in numerous genres of popular music, as well as (less frequently) classical music.
Contemporary classical music
While the
classical guitar had historically been the only variety of guitar favored by classical composers, in the 1950s a few contemporary classical composers began to use the electric guitar in their compositions. Examples of such works include
Karlheinz Stockhausen's
Gruppen (1955-57);
Morton Feldman's
The Possibility of a New Work for Electric Guitar (1966);
George Crumb's
Songs, Drones, and Refrains of Death (1968);
Hans Werner Henze's
Versuch über Schweine (1968);
Francis Thorne's
Sonar Plexus (1968) and
Liebesrock (1968–69),
Michael Tippett's
The Knot Garden (1965-70);
Leonard Bernstein's
MASS (1971) and
Slava! (1977);
Louis Andriessen's
De Staat (1972-76);
Steve Reich's
Electric Counterpoint (1987),
Arvo Pärt's
Miserere (1989/92), and countless works composed for the quintet of
Ástor Piazzolla.
In the 1980s and 1990s, a growing number of composers (many of them composer-performers who had grown up playing the instrument in rock bands) began writing for the electric guitar. These include
Steven Mackey,
Nick Didkovsky,
Scott Johnson,
Lois V Vierk,
Tim Brady,
Tristan Murail, John Fitz Rogers, and Randall Woolf.
Yngwie Malmsteen released his
Concerto Suite for Electric Guitar and Orchestra in 1998, and
Steve Vai released a double-live CD entitled
Sound Theories, of his work with the
Netherlands Metropole Orchestra in June 2007. The American composers
Glenn Branca and
Rhys Chatham have written "symphonic" works for large ensembles of electric guitars, in some cases numbering up to 100 players, and the instrument is a core member of the
Bang on a Can All-Stars (played by
Mark Stewart). Still, like many electric and electronic instruments, the electric guitar remains primarily associated with rock and jazz music, rather than with classical compositions and performances.
R. Prasanna plays Indian
Carnatic music on the electric guitar.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Electric Guitar'.
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